{"content":{"sharePage":{"page":0,"digests":[{"id":"74250536","dateCreated":"1434922396","smartDate":"Jun 21, 2015","userCreated":{"username":"jdrobert45","url":"https:\/\/www.wikispaces.com\/user\/view\/jdrobert45","imageUrl":"https:\/\/ssl.wikicdn.com\/i\/user_none_lg.jpg"},"monitored":false,"locked":false,"links":{"self":"https:\/\/languagepoliciessu2015-w01.wikispaces.com\/share\/view\/74250536"},"dateDigested":1532129124,"startDate":null,"sharedType":"discussion","title":"Jake Robertson 14th Amendment ","description":"The 14th amendment was adopted in 1868 as one of the reconstruction amendments and though many southern states at the time disagreed with it they were forced to accept it in order to regain representatives in congress. The 14th amendment covers several areas of the rights of citizens. One of the most used phrase from the amendment is \u201cequal protection of laws.\u201d This has been used in a number of court cases concerning education like Brown vs. Board of Education and University of California vs Bakke. This amendment states that no state shall make laws that discriminate towards any of the United States citizens or deprive any citizens to life, liberty, or property without due process (14th Amendment of the Constitution).  This amendment has done so much for dismantling racial discrimination in education, but what has it done for English language learners in our country? While Brown vs Board of Education was a big moment in this country\u2019s civil right movement for black Americans many Hispanic Americans were in the same situation in segregated schools. These schools were called \u201cMexican schools\u201d and were in much poorer conditions then the \u201cwhite\u201d schools Hispanic Americans were not allowed to attend.  The court case ruled that it was unconstitutional for school districts to say that \u201clanguage differences\u201d that the Hispanic American students had was a reason to have segregated schools. <br \/>\nFrom 1992 to 2002 the enrollment of English language learners in to K-12 Schools grew by 84% while overall population only grew by 10%. Of the Hispanic population in schools more than 50% of these students are second or third generations living in the United States, but they are still struggling in English language acquisition (Walqui 2006).One the biggest problems with the education of English language learners is the overrepresentation in special education, and the quality of their education (Coutinho and Oswald 2004). The 14th amendment protects racial and ethnic minorities from this discrimination. While many court cases have used this amendment to try and resolve the problem of overrepresentation, however the rulings have been mixed on whether the overrepresentation was considered \u201cdiscriminatory\u201d and also ruled that reducing the amount of ELL\u2019s in special education was the right thing to ensure equal education opportunities (Coutinho and Oswald 2004).<br \/>\nReferences <br \/>\nU.S. Constitution. Amendment. 14 <br \/>\nCoutinho, Martha J., and Donald P. Oswald. &quot;Disproportionate Representation of Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Students in Special Education: Measuring the Problem. Color\u00edn Colorado. National Center for Culturally Responsive Educational Systems, 2004.<br \/>\nWalqui, A. (2006). Scaffolding instruction for English language learners: A conceptual framework. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 9(2), 159-180.","replyPages":[{"page":0,"digests":[],"more":0}]}],"more":false},"comments":[]},"http":{"code":200,"status":"OK"},"redirectUrl":null,"javascript":null,"notices":{"warning":[],"error":[],"info":[],"success":[]}}